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This course aims to cover the political, economic and social transformations experienced in Spain during the period between the end of the Civil War an the present time, paying special attention to the diverse forms which the State adopted during Franco’s regime and its later transformation into a parliamentary-democratic model. The fundamental aim is no other than to present to the students from politically democratic countries the reality which Franco’s dictatorship meant in Western Europe and the process of international integration of the capitalist democracies. Also, special attention will be paid to the characteristics of the culture and morality which were imposed by the regime during a long period of time, concluding by verifying the influence of Western European countries – through economic collaboration with Franco’s regime – on the modification of the cultural models, customs and ideology of the Spanish people throughout the decades of the sixties and seventies. Syllabus 1. 1931-39; The destruction of the Spanish democracy and the Civil War. The precedents of Franco’s regime.- The proclamation of the Republican regime.- The two-year Reform period: progressive legislation and the Constitution.- The problems of the Republican regime: the agrarian question, the Army, the Autonomous regions and the Catholic Church.-The reaction of the right-wing groups: the two-year black period.- The victory of the Popular Front and the outbreak of the civil conflict.- The division of Spain into two irreconcilable groups.- The revolution in Republic Spain.- The counter-revolution and the birth of Franco’s state. 2. 1938-1945: The organization of the Totalitarian State. Strengthening of the figure of the Head of State.- The families: The Fascist party, the Army and the Church.- The repression of the defeated.- The law of creation of the Spanish Courts and other fundamental laws.- The opposition. 3. 1946-1951: Towards the consolidation of the regime.- International isolation. Consolidation of Franco’s regime. The attempt to apply an economic self-sufficiency policy.- Peak and decadence of the guerrillas.- The first steps to an international opening.- Franco’s regime, public morality and education. 4. 1951-1956: End of the Self-sufficiency period and international isolation.-The stabilization of Franco’s regime. The Agreement of 1953.- The first symptoms of domestic discontent: the University.- International relations: the Treaty with the United States. 5. Spanish economy during the self-sufficiency period.- Spanish economy after the end of the Civil War: the reconstruction.- Population.- Industry.- Agriculture.- The beginning of the opening during the fifties.- The National Stabilization plan and the end of the self-sufficiency period. 6. 1957-1962: The road towards technocracy.- Socio-economic changes and the entrance of the technocrats: The Stabilization plan.- Definition of the system: the Law of the Principles of the Movement.- The beginning of the isolation of the Church.- Intensification of the repressive measures.- Domestic opposition is organized: ETA. 7. 1963-1967: Developingism and social conflict.- Development, social change and opposition. Forecasts for the future: the Organic Law of the State.- The progressive Law of the Press.- Intensification of domestic opposition: the University, the Church, the Unions and the Political Parties. 8. 1967-1972: Towards the crisis.- The continuity of the regime: Carrero- Blanco and Juan Carlos.- The taking-up of positions in the groups in power: the MATESA scandal.- The opposition and the repression. The War Council of Burgos. 9. The Spanish economy in the developing era.- The effects of economic liberalization at the end of the fifties.- The population.- The industrial sector.- The agricultural sector.- The service sector.- Foreign commercial relations.- The Development Plans.- The petrol crisis and its repercussions for Spain. 10. 1973-1975: The death throes of Franco’s regime: Carrero-Blanco, President of the Government.- The assassination of Carrero-Blanco and the Arias Navarro Government.- The social and economic crisis in the context of the general crisis.- The hardness of the repression and international reactions.- The opposition: The Democratic Board and the Platform of Democratic Convergence.- the death of Franco. 11. 1975-1978: The formal establishment of democracy. Succession in the Head of State and the continuity of the Arias Navarro Government.- The breakdown of Franco’s government: Adolfo Suárez and the law for Political Reform.- Reform or breakdown. Agreed reform or imposed reform.- The general elections of June 1977.- The Constitution of the consensus. 12. 1978-1996: The phase of disenchantment and the era of the socialist governments.- The effects of the crisis at the end of the seventies.- The rebuilding of the political party system: the failure of the UCD and the crisis of the PCE.- the attempted coup of February 1981.- The rise of the Spanish Socialist Worker’s Party (PSOE).- The general elections of October 1982 and the triumph of the PSOE.- The PSOE governments’ reforms: the industrial re-conversion. The reorganization of economic plans, the increase of public spending.- Political scandals and corruption: towards the end of the socialist era.- The beginning of a conservative era: the electoral victory of the Popular Party (PP) in 1996. Activities The classes will preferably be lectures, allowing the students the possibility of intervening at any moment to ask the teacher questions or to introduce personal ideas. Also, the classes on this course include audio-visual material, such as videos or other films, which are available in the video section of the library in the Centre. Assessment A mid-term written exam will be set. Also a final written exam will be set which will include all the material covered throughout the course. Class participation, attendance and interest in the course content will all be taken into account in the individualized assessment of each student. Bibliography BIESCAS, J.A. and TUÑÓN DE LARA, M., España bajo la dictadura franquista, 1939-1976, Barcelona, Lábor, 1981. CARR, R. and FUSI, J.P., España de la dictadura a la Democracia, Barcelona, Ariel, 1979. CARR, R. PRESTON, P., GARCÍA DELGADO, J.L., La época franquista, Volume XL de la Historia de España dirigida por José María JOVER, Madrid, Espasa Calpe, 1996. CIERVA, R de la, Historia del Franquismo, 2 volumes, Barcelona, Planeta, 1975-78. FUSI, J.P., Franco, Autaritarismo y poder personal, Madridm Alianza, 1987. PAYNE, S.G., El régimen de Franco, 1936-1975, Madrid, Alianza, 1987. SUEIRO, D., and DÍAZ NOSTY, B., Historia del franquismo, 2 volumes, Madrid, Sarpe, 1985. TAMAMES, R., La República. La Era de Franco, Madrid, Alianza, 1988.
This subject covers the political, economic, and social transformations experienced by Spain during the period that runs between the end of the Civil War and the present moment, paying a special attention to the diverse forms that the State adopted during the pro-Franco regime and its later transformation into a democratic-parliamentary model. The main target that it is persued is the presentation to pupils from other countries with democratic political models of the reality that within the framework of the pro-Franco dictatorship of Western Europe, and the process of international integration of the capitalist democracies. Also, it will pay special attention to the peculiarities of the culture and the morality imposed by the regime during a long period of time, to conclude by verifying the influence of western European countries - through the economic collaboration with the pro-Franco regime - on the modification of cultural guidelines, the customs and the ideology of the Spaniards throughout the Sixties and the Seventies.
The classes will be developed preferrably by means of skillful lesson, giving students the possibility of taking part at any moment to ask of the professor the explanation of doubts or the introduction of personal ideas.
Also, the development of this subject includes the usa of audio-visual means, such as the use of videos or another filmographic material, available in the bottom of the videotheque of the Center.
There will be a written test at the conclusion of first half of the course. Similarly, students will take a final test, also written, that covers the entirety of the material distributed in the course. Taken into account will be the tests taken by the students, attendance, the interest shown for the contents of the subject, and participation in class.
BIESCAS, J.A. y TUÑÓN DE LARA, M., España bajo la dictadura franquista, 1939-1976, Barcelona, Lábor, 1981.
CARR, R y FUSI, J.P., España de la dictadura a la Democracia, Barcelona, Ariel, 1979.
CARR, R., PRESTON, P., GARCÍA DELGADO, J.L., La época franquista, Vol. XL de la Historia de España dirigida por José María JOVER, Madrid, Espasa Calpe, 1996.
CIERVA, R de la, Historia del Franquismo, 2 vols., Barcelona, Planeta, 1975-1978.
FUSI, J.P., Franco. Autaritarismo y poder personal, Madrid, Alianza, 1987.
PAYNE, S.G., El régimen de Franco, 1936-1975, Madrid, Alianza, 1987.
SUEIRO, D. y DÍAZ NOSTY, B., Historia del franquismo, 2 vols., Madrid, Sarpe, 1985.
TAMAMES, R., La República. La Era de Franco, Madrid, Alianza, 1988.
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